In order to understand Endodontic treatment, it helps to know something about the anatomy of a tooth. Teeth have several layers. The outside layer of the tooth is composed of a hard layer called Enamel. Enamel is supported by an inner layer called Dentin, which has at its center a soft tissue known as the Pulp.

The pulp contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that are responsible for forming the surrounding Dentin and Enamel during tooth development. The pulp receives its nourishment supply from vessels which enter the end of the root. Although the pulp is important during development of the tooth, it is not necessary for function of the tooth. The tooth continues to be nourished by the tissues surrounding it even after the pulp is removed.

Endodontic treatment is necessary when the pulp becomes inflamed or infected. The most common reasons for inflammation or infection are deep cavities (caries), repeated dental procedures, cracks or chips. Trauma can also cause inflammation and often shows up as discoloration of the tooth. If pulp inflammation or infection is left untreated, it can cause pain or lead to an abscess.

Signs and Symptoms

Indications that treatment is needed include prolonged sensitivity to heat or cold, discoloration of the tooth, swelling or tenderness of the tooth or adjacent gums. Sometimes there are no symptoms because early signs may only be evident by a dental x-ray or in-office exam.

The Endodontist removes the inflamed or infected pulp and carefully cleans and shapes the canal system.  This system, which contains the pulp (nerves, blood vessels, and soft tissue), is often referred to as the "nerve" of the tooth.  In this way, endodontic therapy helps preserve the tooth because the inflammation and infection is treated so the root can continue to function normally with the supporting tissues remaining intact.

Most treatment is now performed in a single appointment ranging from 30-90 minutes (depending on the number of canals), although some complex cases may require a second visit to complete the procedure.  Once endodontic treatment is completed, you may be instructed to return to your dentist for permanent restoration. This restoration of the tooth is an important part of treatment because it seals the cleaned canals from the oral environment, protects the tooth and restores it to function.

Toothache pain is the main reason for patients seeking treatment. Fortunately, modern anesthetics can make the procedure pain free in most cases. Seeking treatment early makes the procedure more comfortable. When caught early, treatment should feel no different than having a regular filling. For the first few days after treatment, there may be some sensitivity to biting pressure, especially if there was pain or infection before the procedure. Sometimes over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications are recommended for a day or two.  Dr. Schaefer can prescribe other medications if necessary, but they are rarely required.